Since the retreat of the glacier Inn-Chiemsee and the Chiemsee final formation of the basin were deposited there continuously for thousands of years in the following kinds of materials that constitute the earth scientists, a real treasure. The sources of these deposits which go to the lake today are diverse. Certainly the most significant sediment load of the Tiroler Achen, the enormous amounts of rock debris is delivering. Its coarser components are found mainly in Delta region, while the finer, clay-load in the entire basin spread. Near the shore next to it, the formation of calcareous limnic chalk and natural growth instead of Moore. In addition, we must not forget the contribution of shell-forming organisms. This we know both the large scale, such as snails and clams, as well as on a microscopic scale such as the shells of diatoms. Finally, one must still say that the wind and rain resistant supplier for dust and pollen.
Both the composition of this entry and its rate depends on many factors, especially by air. Temperatures and precipitation have a large influence on the sedimentation. They control, for example, the river discharges prevail. A sufficiently good climate calls another factor in the plan: people. He can be technical Eingriffe ganze Regionen umgestalten. Tatsächlich wurde der Wasserspiegel des Chiemsees in den letzten Jahrhunderten mehrmals künstlich verändert. Und selbst die bloße Anwesenheit des Menschen kann Spuren hinterlassen. Zunehmende Besiedlung und die damit verbundene Entwaldung und Landwirtschaft beeinflußt etwa Erosionsprozesse und damit das Ablagerungsgeschehen.
Wenn den Chiemgauern nun nicht gerade der Himmel auf den Kopf fällt, laufen diese Prozesse weitestgehend ungestört ab. Daher werden mit den Sedimenten, die sich über die Jahrtausende im See ansammeln, auch Spuren all dieser Ereignisse mit abgelagert. Der Chiemsee und seine Sedimente bergen also ein wertvolles Archiv, das der Geowissenschaftler mit modernen Methoden entschlüsseln can.
The only work that has so far attempted to open this archive, was presented by Ricardo Voigt (1996). It deals with it in great detail the settlement and landscape history at the Chiemsee. This, it uses the pollen, which shipped in the sediments of Lake Chiemsee were. Because the changes in the composition of pollen in lake sediments is a very good indicator of changes in vegetation along its banks. Reflect changes in certain pollen that is against the change of the landscape history. So you can easily around the frequency of tree pollen to the expansion of forests into line. As the human impact in the landscape make them particularly noticeable pollen can also serve as settlement indicators. It's easy to understand that such an increased occurrence of cereal pollen and a concomitant decline of tree pollen speak for a lot of farming. To reconstruct the evolution of population density, use is made of certain types of pollen, especially of cereals, as indicators.
Fig summary of the main pollen from the work of Voigt (1999). In addition to the settlement also display the curves for beech (Fagus) and other indicators are presented. EMW: trees such as oak, linden, maple, ash and elm. NBP: all herbs; Cerealia are cereals. for the Chiemsee, the available data very well, Mrs. Voigt (1996) could be sampled with high resolution two cores from the deep areas of the lake, covering a period of more than 12,000 years. Poland due to their analysis, they could reconstruct the landscape and settlement development around the Lake Chiemsee very carefully: First
weak evidence of human intervention can be found so already about 3900 BC, from about 2700 BC, they are more pronounced and characterized by a decline in the Book. This first settlement took place 300 years after its end and was only 500 years later, during the Bronze Age (ca. 1900 BC) resumed. Only now, in addition to signs of severe deforestation also the first evidence of farming and grazing activities found in the pollen spectrum. Overall, human activity seems to be that time was still weak and limited to very remote areas to be shore. It seems appropriate in the course of the next 300 years have slowed down.
During the urnfield period (about 1100 BC ) then it came to significant deforestation of riparian forests, which in addition to deciduous and coniferous woods were affected. This argues for settlements of people now on the lake. The deforestation Book now met not only but also, for example lime, maple and pine trees. They cultivated barley and wheat at this time. This settlement phase lasted about 300 years until about 800 BC
you will take notice now because we are considering the period for which Rappenglück et al. (2009), the cosmic disaster in the Chiemgau postulated. In fact, may be after the next 200 years the settlement at Lake Chiemsee and something is only limited presence.
This significant decrease in settlement activity in the period 800-600v. BC is not however limited regionally, but could be at the same time, determined on the basis of pollen studies in other European lakes (eg van Geel et al 1996, Magny, 2004;... Holzhauser et al 2005, Gauthier & Herve, 2008) . Interestingly, one for the same period of cores aus dem Nordatlantik einen deutlichen Trend zu kälteren Temperaturen nachweisen (Bond et al., 2001). In den Alpen konnte zudem zeitgleich ein deutliches Wachstum für den Großen Aletsch-, Gorner- und Grindelwaldgletscher festgestellt werden (Holzhauser et al., 2005).
Es handelt sich bei dem Rückgang der Besiedelung am Chiemsee offensichtlich um die Auswirkung einer deutlichen klimatischen Verschlechterung, die von zahlreichen Untersuchungen aus der nördlichen Hemisphäre nachgewiesen werden konnte. Als naheliegendste Ursache für diese schlechteren Umweltbedingungen gelten heute Schwankungen der Sonnenaktivität (z.B. van Geel, 1996; Bond, 2001; Mauquay, 2008). Die Sonneaktivität kann mit geochemischen Methoden (C14) gut rekonstruiert werden und korrelieren sehr gut mit den beobachteten Schwankungen der Temperatur und Besiedlung.
Vielfach werden von den Mitgliedern des CIRT (Chiemgau Impact Team) ja fehlende Alternativerklärungen für dies und jenes als Argument für ein kosmisches Ereignis angeführt. Für die Befunde aus dem Chiemsee jedenfalls kann man dies ganz lässig abweisen. Die Sedimentkerne zeigen ein lückenloses Erklärungsmodell für die Besiedelungsentwicklung an seinen Ufern und es fehlen jegliche sedimentologische Auffälligkeiten. Deshalb gibt es im Archiv des Chiemsees auch keinen Hinweis auf einen Einschlag - dort oder in der Region - jedweder Art.
PS.:
Hier stößt mir nun wieder die dümmliche Note the ARTE X: Moderators enius "Mei, you should stop only when times go out and drill, then you know notice 'on. Yes, exactly! But if the editor is not able to research that such a hole was made 15 years ago (Google: Chiemsee sediment) - then you know you know and can not stop sending any nonsense.
Literature:
Bond G, Kramer B, Beer J, Muscheler R, Evans MN, Showers W, Hoffmann S, Lotti-Bond R, Hajda I & Bonani G. (2001). Persistent solar influence on north Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science 294: 2130-2136.
Herve Gauthier E & R (2009). Bronze Age at Lake Bourget (NWAlps, United Kingdom): vegetation, human
impact and climatic change. Quaternary International, 200,111–119
Holzhauser H, Magny M & Zumbühl H J (2005) Glacier and lake-level variations in west-central Europe over the last 3500 years. The Holocene, 15 (6) pp. 789- 801
Glacier
Magny M (2004). Holocene climate variability as reflectedby mid-European lake-level
fluctuations and its probable impact on prehistoric human settlements. Quaternary International, 113, 65–79
Rappenglück, B.; Ernstson, K.; Mayer, W.; Neumair, A.; Rappenglück, M. A.; Sudhaus, D.; Zeller, K. W. (2009): The Chiemgau Impact: An Extraordinary Case Study for the Question of Holocene Meteorite Impacts and their Cultural Implications. Cosmology Across Cultures ASP Conference Series, Vol. 409, proceedings of the conference held 8-12 September, 2008, at Parque de las Ciencias, Granada, Spain. Edited by José Alberto Rubiño-Martín, Juan Antonio Belmonte, Francisco Prada, and Antxon Alberdi. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2009., pp. 338-343
van Geel B, Buurman J & Waterbolk H T(1996) .Archaeological and palaeoecological indications of an abrupt climate change in The Netherlands, and evidence for climatological teleconnections around 2650 BP. JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE (1996) 11 (6) 451-460
DMITRI MAUQUOY,1* DAN YELOFF,2 BAS VAN GEEL,2 DAN J. CHARMAN3 and ANTONY BLUNDELL (2008). Two decadally resolved records from north-west European peat bogs show rapid climate changes associated with solar variability during the mid-late Holocene. JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE 23 (8) 745-763
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